Two states, one homeland (confederation)
Two sovereign states with open borders, shared institutions and a shared Jerusalem; citizenship and residence are separated.
What happens to Israeli Jews
Israeli citizens; settlers can remain in Palestine as permanent residents under Palestinian law.
What happens to Palestinians
Palestinian citizens; some refugees can live in Israel as residents without changing its citizenship balance.
What it requires
- Two states on roughly the 1967 lines
- Freedom of movement and residence across the border
- Settlers may stay as residents of Palestine; some refugees may live in Israel as residents, voting in Palestine
- Joint institutions for security, economy, water and Jerusalem
Who supports it
Palestinian-Israeli Pulse, September 2024.
What history says
- The European Union — borders open between former enemies
- The 'A Land for All' initiative (Israeli–Palestinian civil society proposal)
The hard questions
- Does open movement work while trust is this low?
- Who polices violence that crosses the border?